L-Glutamine Research
41 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 9/10
L-glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Stehle P et al. • Critical Care Medicine (2020)
Parenteral glutamine supplementation reduced infectious complications and hospital length of stay in ICU patients.
- Parenteral glutamine reduced infectious complications in ICU patients
- Significant reduction in hospital length of stay
- Enteral glutamine showed less consistent benefits than parenteral
Health-Related Quality of Life and Adherence to Hydroxyurea and Other Disease-Modifying Therapies among Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review
Yang M et al. • BioMed research international (2022)
Optimizing HU adherence has the potential to improve HRQOL in patients with SCD in addition to reducing healthcare utilization and improving treatment satisfaction.
- Optimizing HU adherence has the potential to improve HRQOL in patients with SCD in addition to reducing healthcare utilization and improving treatment satisfaction.
- Addressing barriers to HU adherence can positively strengthen the relationship between adherence and HRQOL to potentially improve patient outcomes.
- Further research warranted to confirm findings
Natural products and complementary therapies for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review
Brami C et al. • Critical reviews in oncology/hematology (2016)
All rights reserved.
- Electroacupuncture was not superior to placebo.
- No RCTs were published regarding other complementary therapies, although some studies mention positive incidental findings.
- Natural products and complementary therapies deserve further investigation, given the lack of effective CIPN interventions.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Evidence and gaps in clinical outcomes of novel pharmacologic therapies for sickle cell disease: A systematic literature review highlighting insights from clinical trials and real-world studies
Yassin M et al. • Blood reviews (2025)
All rights reserved.
- A pivotal phase III study of l-glutamine showed that patients treated with l-glutamine had a 25 % reduction in pain crises and 33 % fewer hospital days compared to placebo. l-glutamine was generally well tolerated with minimal side effects.
- In the SUSTAIN study, a 5-mg/kg dose of crizanlizumab reduced the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) and hospitalizations by 45 % and 41 %, respectively.
- The high discontinuation rate and results of the STAND trial led to a significant decrease in the use of crizanlizumab.
An integrated meta-analysis of peripheral blood metabolites and biological functions in major depressive disorder
Pu J et al. • Molecular psychiatry (2021)
This meta-analysis examined the effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine.
- Pathway and network analyses revealed altered amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, especially for the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway and fatty acid metabolism, in the peripheral system of MDD patients.
- Our findings may facilitate biomarker development and the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that underly MDD.© 2020.
- Further research warranted to confirm findings
Effects of glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced immune suppression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ramezani Ahmadi A et al. • Nutrients (2019)
Glutamine supplementation attenuated exercise-induced immune suppression markers including reduced upper respiratory tract infections in athletes.
- Reduced incidence of upper respiratory tract infections post-exercise
- Maintained lymphocyte proliferation capacity after intense exercise
- Optimal dosing of 0.3 g/kg body weight for immune support
Multi-cohort analysis of depression-associated gut bacteria sheds insight on bacterial biomarkers across populations
Liang S et al. • Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS (2022)
The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
- By contrast, elevated L-glutamine degradation, and reduced L-glutamate and L-isoleucine biosynthesis were identified in depressive-associated microbiomes.
- After systemically reviewing the data of these collected cohorts, we have established a bacterial classifier to identify depressive symptoms with AUC 0.834 and 0.685 in the training and external validation dataset, respectively.
- Moreover, a low-risk bacterial cluster for depressive symptoms was identified, which was represented by a lower abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, and a higher abundance of Faecalibacterium, Oscillospiraceae UCG 002, Ruminococcus, and Christensenellaceae R.7 group.© 2022.
Metabolomics in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review
Hou XW et al. • Investigative ophthalmology & visual science (2021)
This review summarizes potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways, providing insights into new pathogenic pathways for this microvascular complication of diabetes.
- This review summarizes potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways, providing insights into new pathogenic pathways for this microvascular complication of diabetes.
- Published in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science (2021)
- Further research warranted to confirm findings
Crizanlizumab and comparators for adults with sickle cell disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Thom H et al. • BMJ open (2020)
This NMA provides preliminary evidence comparing the efficacy of crizanlizumab with other treatments for VOC prevention.
- This NMA provides preliminary evidence comparing the efficacy of crizanlizumab with other treatments for VOC prevention.
- Published in BMJ open (2020)
- Further research warranted to confirm findings
Effect of glutamine supplementation on inflammatory markers in critically ill patients supported with enteral or parenteral feeding
Gholamalizadeh M et al. • JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition (2022)
This study identified that glutamine supplementation might have an important effect on CRP in acute conditions and no significant effect on IL-6 and TNF-α in acute conditions.
- There was a statistical reduction between preintervention and postintervention CRP levels (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.38 mg/L; 95% CI, -0.72 to -0.03).
- No significant association was found between L-glutamine supplementation in the EN/PN and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (SMD = -0.58 pg/ml; 95% CI, -2.15 to 0.99) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (SMD = 2.69 pg/ml; 95% CI, -9.66 to 15.03) compared with the control group.
- This study identified that glutamine supplementation might have an important effect on CRP in acute conditions and no significant effect on IL-6 and TNF-α in acute conditions.
Dexamethasone and Nutraceutical Therapy Can Reduce the Myalgia Due to COVID-19 - a Systemic Review of the Active Substances that Can Reduce the Expression of Interlukin-6
Ripani U et al. • Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2022)
According the scientific literature nutraceutical therapy associated with dexamethasone can reduce the expression of Interlukina-6(IL-6) and myalgia due to COVID-19.
- According the scientific literature nutraceutical therapy associated with dexamethasone can reduce the expression of Interlukina-6(IL-6) and myalgia due to COVID-19.
- Published in Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2022)
- Further research warranted to confirm findings
What Is the Role of Nutritional Supplements in Support of Total Hip Replacement and Total Knee Replacement Surgeries? A Systematic Review
Burgess LC et al. • Nutrients (2018)
Optimizing nutritional status pre-operatively may help manage the surgical stress response, with a particular benefit for undernourished, frail, or elderly individuals.
- Amino acid supplementation is reported to reduce muscle atrophy and accelerate return of functional mobility.
- One paper reported a suppressive effect of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, L-arginine, and L-glutamine supplementation on muscle strength loss following TKR.
- There is limited evidence for nutritional supplementation in THR and TKR pathways; however, the low risk profile and potential benefits to adjunctive treatment methods, such as exercise programs, suggest nutritional supplements may have a role.
Update on the treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced buccal mucositis: a systematic review
Wen S et al. • Acta odontologica latinoamericana : AOL (2023)
Dentoxol mouthwashes, Plantago major extract, thyme honey extract, zinc oxide paste, vitamin B complex combined with GeneTime, and the consumption of L-glutamine are effective in diminishing the severity of OM.
- Dentoxol mouthwashes, Plantago major extract, thyme honey extract, zinc oxide paste, vitamin B complex combined with GeneTime, and the consumption of L-glutamine are effective in diminishing the severity of OM.
- Pain intensity was lower with doxepin mouthwashes and diphenhydramine-lidocaine-antacid mouthwashes.
- Further research warranted to confirm findings
Systematic Review of Crizanlizumab: A New Parenteral Option to Reduce Vaso-occlusive Pain Crises in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Han J et al. • Pharmacotherapy (2020)
Current available data suggest crizanlizumab is a promising agent to reduce VOC in patients with SCD.© 2020 Pharmacotherapy Publications, Inc.
- In the multicenter randomized double-blind SUSTAIN trial, a higher dose of crizanlizumab decreased the incidence of VOCs by 45% and prolonged the median time to the first and second VOC.
- Crizanlizumab had a safety profile comparable with placebo.
- Multiple ongoing clinical trials are trying to establish its roles in pediatric patients with SCD and its effects on alleviating other SCD-related complications.
Nutritional interventions to reduce rates of infection, necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality in very preterm infants
Bührer C et al. • Pediatric research (2020)
Thus, selected food components may help to improve outcomes in preterm infants.
- The overall effects of particular interventions were presented as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
- Pooled data of RCTs assessing the use of prebiotic oligosaccharides found reduced infection but not mortality.
- Enteral L-glutamine (six RCTs) lowered infection rates, and enteral L-arginine (three RCTs) reduced NEC.
Systematic Review of l-glutamine for Prevention of Vaso-occlusive Pain Crisis in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Cieri-Hutcherson NE et al. • Pharmacotherapy (2019)
Based on the results of a systematic review, l-glutamine may be considered for patients unable to receive hydroxyurea or in addition to hydroxyurea for reduction in VOC and associated pain.© 2019 Pharmacotherapy Publications, Inc.
- Rate of VOC and related hospitalizations were reduced in patients receiving l-glutamine, although some conflicting results were noted between studies. l-glutamine was generally well tolerated.
- Limitations of one or more of the eligible studies included small sample size, nonblinding, and study groups that differed at baseline. l-glutamine has limited high-quality evidence supporting its use.
- Although l-glutamine is FDA approved for the prevention of frequent episodes of VOC pain, only one randomized controlled trial has strong evidence to support this indication.
A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of L-Glutamine Exposure in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Evaluation of Dose and Food Effects
Sadaf A et al. • Clinical pharmacokinetics (2024)
We report the first pharmacokinetic study of multiple-dose, long-term oral L-glutamine therapy and the first population pharmacokinetic analysis of L-glutamine for sickle cell disease.
- We report the first pharmacokinetic study of multiple-dose, long-term oral L-glutamine therapy and the first population pharmacokinetic analysis of L-glutamine for sickle cell disease.
- These findings may permit optimized dosing of L-glutamine for patients with sickle cell disease to maximize treatment benefits.
- Further research warranted to confirm findings
Evaluation of the recovery after heart surgery following preoperative supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, L-arginine, and L-glutamine: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Norouzi M et al. • Trials (2022)
The present study showed that perioperative supplementation with a combination of Gln, Arg, and HMB enhances the recovery, reduces myocardial injury, and decreases the time of hospital and ICU stay in cardiac surgery patients.
- In total, 60 preoperative patients (30 in each group) with a mean age of 53.13 ± 14.35 years completed the study (attrition rate = 85.7%).
- Also, the time of stay in the hospital (median [IQR] = 5 [1] vs. 6 [3]; P < 0.001) and ICU (median [IQR] = 2.50 [1.00] vs. 3.50 [1.50]; P = 0.002) was lower in the Gln/Arg/HMB group.
- The present study showed that perioperative supplementation with a combination of Gln, Arg, and HMB enhances the recovery, reduces myocardial injury, and decreases the time of hospital and ICU stay in cardiac surgery patients.
Randomized Trial to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Daily Intake of an Allulose Amino Acid-Based Hydration Beverage in Men and Women
Bloomer RJ et al. • Nutrients (2024)
Our results indicate the product was well-tolerated at all dosing levels and no significant adverse changes occurred in any of the test parameters compared to the placebo group, indicating relative safety of ingestion over a 4-week treatment period, at the volumes used, and outside the context of physical stress.
- Clinical trial examining L-Glutamine efficacy
- Published in Nutrients (2024)
- Further research warranted to confirm findings
L-Glutamine and Survival of Patients with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Receiving Chemoradiotherapy
Tsujimoto T et al. • Nutrients (2023)
These findings indicate that L-glutamine does not influence the survival of patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy.
- At 5-year follow-up, 16 (80%) and 13 (72%) patients in the glutamine and placebo groups, respectively, survived (with no significant difference in overall survival [glutamine group: 55.2 ± 12.7 months vs. placebo group: 48.3 ± 21.3 months]).
- A total of 14 (70%) and 12 (67%) patients in the glutamine and placebo groups, respectively, did not experience disease progression (with no significant difference in progression-free survival [glutamine group: 46.7 ± 19.5 months vs. placebo group: 43.6 ± 25.2 months]).
- We compared the overall survival and progression-free survival rates between the two groups.