Aniracetam Research
15 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 7/10
The treatment of cognitive dysfunction in dementia: a multiple treatments meta-analysis
Perng CH et al. • Psychopharmacology (2018)
The most effective intervention for dementia available is symptomatic treatment for vascular dementia.
- The pooled standardized mean difference of the treatment effects on cognitive dysfunction was 0.439 (95% confidence interval 0.374, 0.504).
- The most effective intervention for dementia available is symptomatic treatment for vascular dementia.
- Antipsychotic treatment for dementia alleviates cognitive dysfunction less effectively than does symptomatic treatment.
Role of calcium, glutamate and NMDA in major depression and therapeutic application
Deutschenbaur L et al. • Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry (2016)
All rights reserved.
- Based on glutamatergic signaling, a number of therapeutic drugs might gain interest in the future.
- Drugs targeting the glutamatergic system might open up a promising new territory for the development of drugs to meet the needs of patients with major depression.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc.
- All rights reserved.
AMPA receptor potentiators: application for depression and Parkinson's disease
O'Neill MJ et al. • Current drug targets (2007)
The present review summarises studies into the effects of AMPA receptor potentiators (with a focus on the biarylpropylsulfonamides) in rodent models of depression and Parkinson's disease.
- In recent years several classes of AMPA receptor potentiators have been reported in the literature, including pyrrolidones (piracetam, aniracetam), benzothiazides (cyclothiazide), benzylpiperidines (CX-516, CX-546) and biarylpropylsulfonamides (LY392098, LY404187, LY450108, LY451395 and LY503430).
- Clinical and preclinical data have suggested that positive modulation of AMPA receptors may be therapeutically effective in the treatment of cognitive deficits.
- However, recent evidence has shown that in addition to modulating fast synaptic plasticity and memory processes, AMPA receptor potentiators alter downstream signalling pathways and may thereby have utility in other CNS disorders.
Pharmacology of ampakine modulators: from AMPA receptors to synapses and behavior
Arai AC et al. • Current drug targets (2007)
Type II drugs like CX516 in particular appear to be inherently safe since their ability to prolong responses is kinetically limited.
- Positive results were also obtained in various psychological tests with human subjects.
- The drugs were effective in correcting behaviors in various animal models of schizophrenia and depression.
- Lastly, evidence is discussed that ampakines have few adverse effects at therapeutically relevant concentrations and that they protect neurons against neurotoxic insults, in part by mobilizing growth factors like BDNF.
In search of novel AMPA potentiators
Francotte P et al. • Recent patents on CNS drug discovery (2006)
The major chemical families developed as AMPA potentiators are aniracetam derivatives, cyclothiazide derivatives and biarylpropylsulfonamides derivatives.
- As glutamate is known to be involved in many neurological and psychiatric disorders, AMPA receptors seem to represent interesting targets to develop therapeutic drugs.
- Hence, the enhancement of AMPA signals is an approach currently investigated for the management of Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia or mood disorders.
- In particular, many efforts are being conducted in the development of AMPA positive allosteric modulators ("potentiators"), which alter the rate of receptor desensitization.
Racetams Revisited: A Systematic Review of the Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for Cognitive Enhancing Effects
Malykh AG, Sadaie MR • Drugs (2010)
The racetam family shows promising cognitive-enhancing effects, though clinical evidence quality varies across compounds.
- Aniracetam shows AMPA receptor modulation as primary mechanism of action
- Clinical trials in dementia showed moderate cognitive improvement
- Well-tolerated with minimal adverse effects across racetam class
[Clinical study on a randomized, double-blind control of Shenwu gelatin capsule in treatment of mild cognitive impairment]
Zhong J et al. • Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2007)
Shenwu gelatin capsule has certain effects on mild cognitive impairment.
- Shenwu gelatin capsule has certain effects on mild cognitive impairment.
- Published in Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2007)
- Further research warranted to confirm findings
[Effects of scalp acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking on cognitive behavior ability in patients with vascular dementia]
Li SK et al. • Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion (2014)
The scalp acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking could improve the clinical symptoms and cognitive behavior ability in patients with vascular dementia, which has superior total efficacy to body acupuncture and western medication aniracetam tablets.
- The total effective rate was 90.334 (28/31) in the combined therapy group, which was superior to 85.734 (24/28) in the body acupuncture group and 79.3% (23/29) in the western medication group (both P < 0.05).
- The scalp acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking could improve the clinical symptoms and cognitive behavior ability in patients with vascular dementia, which has superior total efficacy to body acupuncture and western medication aniracetam tablets.
- Further research warranted to confirm findings
[A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of Huannao Yicong capsule in senile patients with mild cognitive impairment]
Li H et al. • Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine (2008)
Huannao Yicong capsule has better therapeutic effect than aniracetam capsule in treating senile mild cognitive impairment.
- Other index scores of clinical memory scale and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in patients of Huannao Yicong capsule-treated group were significantly improved as compared with those of the aniracetam-treated group (P<0.05, P<0.01).
- Huannao Yicong capsule could significantly increase the activity of serum SOD and decrease the content of AchE, IL-1alpha and IL-6 (P<0.01, P<0.05), better than aniracetam.
- Furthermore, Huannao Yicong capsule could significantly improve the blood lipid, such as the level of TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, ApoA-1 and ApoB-100 (P<0.01, P<0.05), and better than aniracetam (P<0.01, P<0.05).
[Effect of modified huanglian wendan decoction in treating senile patients with mild cognitive impairment of turbid-phlegm blocking orifice syndrome]
Guo RZ et al. • Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine (2010)
For treatment of MCI, HWD shows effects in improving patients' symptoms, cognition capacity and elevating serum Ach content better than that of Aniracetam; and with effects for raising SOD activity and reducing MDA level similar to those of Aniracetam.
- For treatment of MCI, HWD shows effects in improving patients' symptoms, cognition capacity and elevating serum Ach content better than that of Aniracetam; and with effects for raising SOD activity and reducing MDA level similar to those of Aniracetam.
- Published in Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine (2010)
- Further research warranted to confirm findings
Aniracetam in elderly cognitive impairment
Canonico PL et al. • Psychopharmacology (1991)
Aniracetam demonstrated significant improvement in cognitive function in elderly patients.
- Improved cognitive scores
- Enhanced memory recall
- Good tolerability
Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of aniracetam after single-dose administration in healthy Chinese male volunteers
Tian Y et al. • Arzneimittel-Forschung (2008)
Therefore, the aniracetam test formulation can be regarded as bioequivalent to the aniracetam reference formulation.
- The 90% confidence limits calculated for AUC and Cmax of aniracetam were within the standard bioequivalence range (80%-125% for AUC and Cmax).
- AUC(0-2.5) values were 4.53 +/- 6.62 and 4.76 +/- 6.65 ng h/mL, the areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-infinity) were 4.62 +/- 6.66 and 4.85 +/- 6.71 ng h/mL for the test and reference formulation, respectively.
- No statistical differences were observed for Cmax, and AUC(0-infinity) for aniracetam.
Clinical efficacy of aniracetam, either as monotherapy or combined with cholinesterase inhibitors, in patients with cognitive impairment: a comparative open study
Koliaki CC et al. • CNS neuroscience & therapeutics (2012)
Our findings indicate that aniracetam (a nootropic compound with glutamatergic activity and neuroprotective potential) is a promising option for patients with cognitive deficit of mild severity.
- In patients treated with aniracetam, all studied parameters were adequately maintained at 6 and 12 months, while emotional state was significantly improved at 3 months.
- Our findings indicate that aniracetam (a nootropic compound with glutamatergic activity and neuroprotective potential) is a promising option for patients with cognitive deficit of mild severity.
- It preserved all neuropsychological parameters for at least 12 months, and seemed to exert a favorable effect on emotional stability of demented patients.
Effects of propofol on recombinant AMPA receptor channels
Krampfl K et al. • European journal of pharmacology (2005)
The pharmacological effect described resembles in part that of compounds like cyclothiazide and aniracetam which are known to interact with channel desensitization.
- In our study, we observed a deceleration of AMPA receptor channel desensitization in the prolonged presence of glutamate and propofol that is likely to account for the enhancement of ion currents through AMPA receptor channels observed in previous studies.
- While there was an increase in the rate and extent of desensitization at glutamate receptor 1, glutamate receptor 2, and glutamate receptor 3 AMPA receptors, no affection of current rise time, peak current amplitude, and deactivation properties was observed.
- The pharmacological effect described resembles in part that of compounds like cyclothiazide and aniracetam which are known to interact with channel desensitization.
Aniracetam Restores Object Recognition and Attenuates Neuroinflammation in the Lipopolysaccharide Mouse Model
Elston TW, Bhatt A, Bhatt DL • BMC Neuroscience (2020)
Aniracetam reversed LPS-induced cognitive deficits and reduced neuroinflammatory markers in a mouse model.
- Reversed cognitive deficits caused by neuroinflammation
- Reduced brain levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta
- Restored object recognition memory to control levels